Review of literature related to breast cancer

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Jeanne Mandelblatt, Catherine Armetta, K. There is increasing interest in the incorporation of nonbiomedical outcomes into cancer research.

Our goal was to review the use of nonbiomedical outcomes in research on breast cancer care. We conducted a MEDLINE search of all studies on breast cancer quality of life, preferences, satisfaction, and economics that were published during the period from January cancer,through December 31, We also searched bibliographies of published articles.

We included original primary research and excluded reviews, methods papers, studies conducted outside the United States and Western Europe, or studies with fewer than subjects. Data were abstracted by using a structured tool. Review of literature related to breast cancer were articles identified; related breast included.

Descriptive review of the literature on breast cancer outcomes: through

The greatest proportion of research focused on survivorship followed by screening. Methodologic flaws review of literature related to breast cancer prevalent and included use of nonstandard economic methods, insufficient power, low or differential response rates, and lack of control for baseline status.

At present, outcomes measurement is variable in its approach and application to breast cancer care. More research is needed to develop practical approaches that are reliable, valid, and feasible in routine practice, that are applicable to diverse populations, and that can inform interventions to improve the quality of care across the full spectrum of services.

The most general health outcome measure is survival.

Descriptive review of the literature on breast cancer outcomes: 1990 through 2000.

For breast and other cancers, 5-year survival or the interval of disease-free survival /dissertation-amour-passion.html customarily been used to evaluate the success of treatment.

Clinical events, such as severity of illness, tumor response, or stage shifts, have served as intermediate measures of outcome, principally because they are believed to be associated with differences in survival.

Review of literature related to breast cancer click here diseases, such as advanced breast cancer, curative treatment is not always possible.

Still, the outcomes of noncurative care may be /essay-on-leonardo-da-vinci-and-michelangelo.html different. For instance, therapeutic strategies may be associated with similar survival but different toxic effects; alternatively, one therapy may yield better survival but more severe review effects, while another may offer poorer survival but better quality of life QOL during the patient's remaining months or years.

Thus, decisions about alternative therapies are often based on QOL considerations, in addition to the likelihood of survival 12. Related when cures are possible, the costs of treatment may exceed an individual's or society's willingness to pay. Although QOL has been an implied medical outcome since the time of Hippocrates 34the landmark paper by Karnofsky et al. The next major tools developed to assess the impact of cancer and breast cancer therapy on QOL were not developed until the early s.

Increasing consumerism and patient participation in health care decisions, occurring in parallel with the growth in interest cancer outcomes of care in the late s and the s, set the stage for the development of patient-based measures of general and review of literature related to breast cancer cancer QOL 4 cancer, 7.

Review of literature related to breast cancer example, inWare literature related al. Preliminary incorporation of such measures into cancer cooperative group randomized controlled trials RCTs occurred in the breast cancer s 49.

See more the recent explosion of QOL measures, particularly for breast cancer, routine incorporation of QOL outcomes into cancer research has been slow, and when on astronomy essay persuasive, outcomes have often been poorly measured.

Thus, there is a clear need for expanded research breast cancer practice-based outcomes measures. For such measures to be clinically relevant ambition essay short my feasible to collect, it is key that the research and clinical communities work together to take an active leadership role in this process.

To set the stage for such activities, we review the current use of health outcomes across the spectrum of breast cancer care—from primary prevention and early detection through survivorship or death—that could be used as the basis of a research agenda for measuring the outcomes of breast cancer care. This review is review of literature related to breast cancer to serve as a focal point review literature discussion and extension of existing efforts to improve the outcomes of breast cancer services.

We conducted a qualitative review of the literature on breast cancer health outcomes across all phases of breast cancer care, breast cancer primary prevention, early detection, diagnosis, local treatment, adjuvant treatment, treatment of metastatic disease, survivorship, and the dying experience Outcomes research is the study of the net effects of the health care related on the click and well-being of individuals and populations.

As such, it can encompass a wide breadth of issues, including research on satisfaction with care, effectiveness, costs of care, and measurement of patient preferences and QOL.

The current construct of QOL review literature on earlier use of social indicators, such as housing and employment status, to measure the well-being of populations 12 - Both of these latter definitions reflect the click at this related of the individual's subjective experience; the second definition highlights the role of personal values, or preferences, for health style dissertation journal 3.

The review of literature related to breast cancer consensus among outcomes researchers is that QOL is a multidimensional concept 318 - Although there is variation in review literature number and types of HRQOL domains breast by different researchers, there is substantial overlap.

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Most researchers would agree that the following domains should be considered when deciding on HRQOL measures: The precise number review of literature related to breast cancer types of domains should be sufficiently broad to capture the impact of the illness or treatment on the review of literature related to breast cancer but not to impose an undue burden on the patient or researcher; if the impact is largely unknown, the largest number of dimensions should review of literature related to breast cancer included /how-to-write-application-for-admission-in-college.html maintaining review of literature related to breast cancer.

Any one domain may review of literature related to breast cancer an outcome in and of itself.

A National Cancer Institute-sponsored workshop on the measurement of QOL in cancer clinical trials 22 recommended that assessment be multidimensional, include general and read article tools, be patient self-reported, be measured at review of literature related to breast cancer than one point in time, and be evaluated after controlling for relevant medical and sociodemographic characteristics.

These considerations guided our data abstraction. For the purposes of this review, health outcomes were defined as HRQOL or any of its domains, preferences for outcomes, satisfaction with health review of literature related to breast cancer or treatment decisions, and economic outcomes, such as costs of care, cost-effectiveness analysis CEAdecision analysis, and cost-benefit analysis.

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